Role of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an endocrine peptide found exclusively in the parathyroid glands, whereas hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expressed a wide range of tissues and organs exerts endocrine, paracrine, autocrine actions. PTH PTHrP have similar homology, sharing initial 13 amino acid residues at N-terminus binding to same type 1 receptor (PTH1R), which regulates calcium homeostasis. An abnormal increase production can occur primary secondary hyperparathyroidism, be produced large quantities by malignant cancer cells from solid organs. In addition increased bone resorption hypercalcemia, recent evidence suggests that excess result protein-energy wasting, malnutrition, cachexia. Through PTH1R activation cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent kinase A white adipose tissue, stimulate expression thermogenic genes causing tissue browning. This change results resting energy expenditure, loss muscle fat mass, weight loss. These findings provide mechanistic link for long-established relationship between hyperparathyroidism myopathy, as well The purpose this review summary emerging both experimental clinical studies on role malnutrition.